Point Tools
What tools are used to monitor the changes in the ocean currents?
could you name three tools that are used e to monitor changes in ocean currents and explain what each tool measures?
10 points for best answer!
A Davis drifter is an instrument designed to measure wind-driven surface currents. It has four major components: (1) body, (2) sails, (3) floats, and (4) a data collection/transmitter package. The body, which is a waterproof tube about 3 Feet Long and 10 inches wide, holds the collection/transmitter package. The sails extend out from the body as four pairs of cloth or vinyl “arms” with about 3 square feet of total sail area. The sails move the drifter along with the prevailing currents. The four floats are attached by ropes to the body of the drifter, keeping it suspended a few feet beneath the surface so that the drifter is not directly affected by the wind or waves.
The drifter’s transmitter sends signals to a polar orbiting satellite that calculates its position and relays this information to a receiving station. A typical drifter will transmit data for about one year before its power supply expires.
An Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measures ocean currents using the principle of “Doppler shift.” It emits a series of high-frequency pulses of sound that bounce off of moving particles in the water. If the particle is moving away from the instrument, the return signal is at a lower frequency. If the particle is moving toward the instrument, the return signal is at a higher frequency. Because the particles move at the same speed as the water that carries them, the speed of the water’s current can be determined.
Shore-based Current Meters employ radio antennas and high frequency (HF) Radio Detecting and Ranging systems (radar) to measure surface ocean currents. They use the Doppler effect to determine when currents are moving toward or away from the shore. If a wind-driven current is moving toward the shore, the return signal is at a high frequency. If the wind-driven current is moving away from shore, the return signal is at a low frequency. Scientists also use these measurements to determine the velocity of the current. When two or more radar antennas are used, a scientist can calculate an entire field of surface current velocities for thousands of points. Using this data, the scientist can produce a “map” of surface currents for a large coastal area.
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