Volt Battery
How to make a really powerful electromagnet with a six volt battery ?
how can i make a REALLY powerful electromagnet with a six volt battery.
The magnetic field strength depends on three things. The current that flows through the winding, the number of turns, and the magnetic circuit.
You are limited by what current the battery can deliver, in Amps. The wire needs to be thick enough to carry this current without getting to hot, even when all bunched up in a confined space. Look up wire tables.
A larger size magnet allows more wire. If the wire is too long you won't get so much current, so you can have a thicker wire. So an even bigger magnet.
If you know how much the battery can deliver, work out the length of wire as follows:
R = V/I
where r is resistance of wire in ohms, V is the battery voltage, and I is the current. Chose a wire that can carry the current according to its specification, and a length that has the resistance calculated above. Wind it all onto the magnet, which has to be big enough to accomodate it.
The magnetic circuit has to be iron (mild steel) because this concentrates the lines of force. It needs to be laid out with a magnetic circuit so that the lines of force have an easy path from the N end to the S end, through whatever material the magnet is to act on. If the magnetic path is too small in cross section, the iron will saturate (further current will not increase the field strength), so this also means a bigger magnet with plenty of iron in it. Ideally the iron should be so called "soft iron" so it doesn't hold the magnetism when the current is turned off.
I am not sure what sort of battery you mean. If it is a lantern battery consider 0.2A as reasonable. If it is a 6AH Sealed Lead Acid battery consider 0.6 Amp as the maximum. You could try a 10 - 20mm or so diameter/ width U shaped bolt, rod or bar as the magnetic core. Using magnet wire as above, or about 1mm diameter, put as many turns on as you can. You could wind this on 2 identical bobbins, one for each leg. If it doesn't work or seems weak, reverse the connections to one bobbin. You need hundreds of turns on each, and place them close to the iron core. The windings can be in series or parallel, but if you followed the instructions to determine the wire size and length connect them in series for the 6V batter, and in parallel would work for a 3V battery.
An old transformer may suit too. I mean the type made with E and I shaped sections. Disassemble it, and then re- assemble with just the E section. The original windings may be useful, or you can rewind them to maximise the operation for the current you can deliver and the available space.
The link below shows an inexpensive ready made one of similar design.
US $17.39
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